Tunable activity controlled by the synthesis temperature. Demand for vinyl chloride monomer is almost entirely dependent upon. Formerly used as aerosol spray propellant until 1974, as a refrigerant, and briefly as an inhalational anaesthetic. The global vinyl chloride monomer market is expected to grow positively owing to growing construction industry coupled with piping industry over the forecast period. Vinyl chloride is a chemical intermediate, not a final product. Us5507921a method for quenching a gas stream in the. Vinyl chloride 1970 chemical production and investment. It is a way of reducing pollution damage to both the.
Pvc can be associated with plastisol screen prints, plastic parts, and a variety of coatings on leather, synthetic leather, and textiles. Levels of rvcm must pass the toxicology evaluation. We offer the following regional vinyl chloride monomer analysis and news coverage to keep you informed of factors and developments affecting prices in the vinyl chloride monomer marketplace price reporting more information about the price reports we publish on vinyl chloride monomer. Vinyl manufacturing process vinyl council of australia. Chinas demand for vinyl chloride monomer vcm has grown at a fast pace in the past decade. Samples are selected randomly by nsf auditors during unannounced inspections of each production facility. The replacement of mercuric chloride in the production of vinyl chloride monomer, a precursor to pvc, would greatly reduce the environmental impact of this large scale industrial process. However, at room temperature it is a colorless gas with a faint, sweet odor that burns easily. Polyvinyl chloride pvc, a synthetic resin made from the polymerization of vinyl chloride. Vinyl chloride is produced from ethylene in two step process. They are considered as dynamic part of petrochemical industry.
Pdf this contribution proposes a novel process for vcm production. The most common method for the production of vinyl chloride monomer vcm is. Vinyl chloride monomer vcm market size, 2018 industry. Second only to polyethylene among the plastics in production and consumption, pvc is used in an enormous range of domestic and industrial products, from raincoats and shower curtains to window frames and indoor plumbing.
Vinyl chloride monomer summary vinyl chloride monomer vcm is a colorless, flammable gas at room temperature. Polyvinyl chloride pvc is very stable, storable, and nowhere near as acutely toxic as the vinyl chloride monomer vcm. Advanced modelling of vinyl chloride monomer production. Minor uses of vinyl chloride monomer include the manufacture of chlorinated solvents primarily 0 tonnes per year of 1,1,1trichloroethane and the production of ethylene diamine for the manufacture of resins who, 1999. Oxidizing chlorinated compounds results in production of acid gas ideal co2, h20, n2, o2. Vinyl chloride is used in production of polyvinyl chloride pvc and vinyl polymers, which can be hard or flexible materials. Advanced modelling of vinyl chloride monomer production via. Vinyl chloride monomer market size vcm industry report, 2025. Locating and estimating sources of ethylene dichloride. May 01, 2020 vinyl chloride also known as vinyl chloride monomer, vcm and chloroethene is an organochloride compound. Economic aspects given include production of vinyl chloride monomer, and a. Chemical intermediate in the production of pvc, automobile upholstery, housewares, and automotive parts. This colorless compound is an important industrial chemical chiefly used to produce the polymer polyvinyl chloride pvc. Vcm is a major commodity chemical, mainly used in the production of the polymer.
Vcm is used in the production of polyvinylchloride plastic. The present report deals with two new processes that in effect constitute process simplifications and capital investment reductions, either in relation to the process for producing vinyl chloride monomer itself or in the hydrocarbons and chlorine raw materials for vinyl chloride production, or both. The earliest patents for pvc production were taken out in the usa in 1912 and pilot plants producing pvc began in germany and the usa in. Vinyl chloride also known as vinyl chloride monomer, vcm and chloroethene is an organochloride compound. Vinyl chloride monomer vcm production and manufacturing. Vinyl chloride monomer vcm is one of the leading chemicals used mainly for manufacturing polyvinyl chloride pvc. In the present work, a model of this furnace was developed in gproms r. This is due mainly to the inherent strength of the ccl bond. Step 2 producing vinyl chloride monomer vcm the ethylene dichloride is then decomposed by heating in a high temperature furnace or reactor.
Vinyl chloride monomer production catalysed by gold. Pvc suspensions resins are usually relatively dustfree and granular with varying degrees of particle porosity. A method for the production of vinyl chloride monomer by catalytic oxychlorination of ethane wherein hcl is supplied in excess of the stiochiometric requirement for chlorine in the reaction. Pvc consumption is second to low density polyethylene. Oxychems affiliate oxyvinyls, lp is the largest vinyl chloride monomer vcm producer in the united states. Introduction to polyvinyl chloride polyvinyl chloride pvc was first manufactured in germany in 1931 as a robust and lightweight new plastic.
Vcm vinyl chloride monomer and pvc production plants have continuously improved their performance over the last 30 years, and their environmental impact has been steadily reduced. Vinyl chloride monomer free download as powerpoint presentation. Vinyl chloride is an organochloride with the formula h 2 cchcl that is also called vinyl chloride monomer vcm or chloroethene. Vinyl chloride monomer direct chlorination by andini putri pranintya direct chlorination. Polyvinyl chloride resins are produced by four basic processes. In 2001, the global demand for vinyl chloride was 14. Potential for exposure may vary depending upon sitespecific conditions.
Globalvinyl productionnowtotalsmorethan30milliontonsperyear,themajorityofwhichisdirectedtobuilding applications,electronics,andfurnishings. Pdf continuous vinyl chloride monomer production by acetylene. Inthepast40years,polyvinylchlorideplasticpvchasbecomeamajorbuildingmaterial. Ethylene and chlorine combine in a homogeneous catalytic reaction to form edc. However, the production of pvc monomer, vinyl chloride monomer vcm, faces unsustainable development due to mercury problems.
Vinyl chloride vc is volatile organic compound, meaning that it can become a gas in certain conditions. Vinyl chloride from ethylene the engineering concepts. Vinyl chloride monomer polyvinyl chloride industries. Commercial production of vcm started in the 1920s based on the catalytic hydrochlorination of acetylene but this route suffered from high energy costs and has become obsolete except for china. Vinyl chloride monomer vcm chemical economics handbook. Vinyl chloride monomer vcm production and manufacturing process. What you need to know about vinyl chloride vc what is vinyl chloride.
Vinyl chloride monomer vcm is one of the worlds most important and largest commodity chemicals. Abstract cleaner production eliminates pollution throughout the entire production process. Pvc has the advantage of being utilized in conversion and fabrication processes with great flexibility, such that end products cover a wide. All pvc pipe, fittings and materials are tested at least twice per year for residual vinyl chloride. Vinyl chloride monomer vcm is primarily used for polyvinyl chloride i. The process for the production of vinyl chlo ride monomer vcm from ethylene proceeds in several. Vinyl chloride monomer vcm is currently, in addition to ethylene and naoh. Over 30 million tons of pvc is used around the globe today, both in. To eliminate hot spots, fluidizedbed, rather than fixedbed, was selected.
A method and apparatus for quenching a gas stream in the production of vinyl chloride monomer includes the use of a knock back condenser and a plurality of column fractional distillation trays disposed within the quench column, and a liquid stream of 1,2dichloroethane, vinyl chloride, and hydrogen chloride may be removed from the bottom column fractional distillation tray. Other pertinent literature is also presented, but is described in less detail than the key studies. When handling vinyl chloride, refer to the safety data sheet and product warning label and follow all instructions and warnings. This kinetic data provided rate constants that are. It is generally odourless below 10 000 mgm3 3900 ppm, but a sweetish odour may be detected by some sensitive individuals between 200 and 500 mgm3. The earliest patents for pvc production were taken out in the usa in 1912 and pilot plants producing pvc began in germany and the usa in the early 1930s. Product stewardship summary vinyl chloride page 3 of 9 edition 1 to minimize potential harm to people, animals and the environment. Ethylene first reacts with chlorine to produce ethylene dichloride. Abstracts, xtoxline, and medline, using vinyl chloride monomer, chloro. Currently, nearly 95% of the worlds supply is produced using the balanced process. Due to the hazardous nature of vinyl chloride to human health there are no end products that use vinyl chloride in its monomer form. Sep 26, 2019 the atsdr toxicological profile succinctly characterizes the toxicologic and adverse health effects information for the hazardous substance described here.
Vinyl chloride vcm, which is made from ethylene and chlorine, is used as feedstock in the production of the standard plastic material pvc. Cas number substance 100425 styrene 01 4 vinyl chloride styrene vinyl chloride. At room temperature, vcm is a gas with a sweet, ethereal odor, but in industrial processes, it is most often handled as a liquid melting point c. Vinyl chloride monomer vcm is a colorless, flammable gas at room temperature. Vcm is used primarily for the production of polyvinyl chloride pvc homopolymer and copolymer resins. Epa, 1984 health advisory drinking water guidance describing noncarcinogenic effects has been developed for vinyl chloride by the office of drinkinc water u. Vinyl chloride monomer vcm market size, 2018 industry report. Production goods work station 1993 thermoplastic resin raw material monomers vinyl chloride monomer vinyl chloride. Process in vinyl chloride monomer vcm vinyl chloride monomer, made from ethylene and choline by pyrolysis. The atsdr toxicological profile succinctly characterizes the toxicologic and adverse health effects information for the hazardous substance described here. Vinyl chloride monomer vcm is the key chemical precursor to pvc. At low temperatures, or under high pressure, vinyl chloride is a liquid.
The market for pvc and hence vcm has continued to grow, thus dispelling the forecasts made in the 80s, according to which pvc would be substituted by other plastics. Direct conversion of acetylene and 1,2dichloroethane to vinyl chloride monomer over a supported carbon nitride catalyst. An030 analysis in vinyl chloride vcm production process an030. We created models of the process units so that they both produced 5250 kghr of vinyl chloride, with nearly identical purities by mass of 98% for oxychlorination and 97. This breakthrough material was brought about to substitute for metals, glass, wood, natural fibers, papers and fabrics. The process examined is an early stage process similar to that developed by european vinyls corporation, now owned by ineos. The hydrogen chloride is reacted with more ethylene in the presence of oxygen a reaction known as oxychlorination. According to recent reports it is still a cause for concern. The process is a direct ethane to vinyl chloride monomer route. Chlorinating hydrocarbons is the basic idea behind the production of vinyl chloride monomer vcm. It is produced commercially by combining a hydrocarbon feedstock, namely ethylene, obtained by cracking natural gas or petroleum, with elemental. Consequently, manmade chcs are beginning to accumulate in the.
Vinyl chloride monomer is primarily used for polyvinyl chloride pvc production along with some copolymer resins which is used by building and construction sector. Dictionary of plastics in use, industrial research center of japan, inc. Chlorinated hydrocarbons chcs are much more resilient to biodegradation, unlike simple hydrocarbons. Over 70% of vcm in mainland china is synthesized through. Development coupled with growth in the healthcare, agriculture and electrical sector are expected to propel global vinyl chloride monomer vcm market over the forecast period. Vinyl chloride 99% of vcm is used to manufacture polyvinyl chloride pvc. Direct chlorination the direct chlorination reaction was modeled using kinetics from wachi and morikawa. Approximately 10 000 individuals are occupationally exposed to vc during monomer or polymer production. It is primarily used to manufacture polyvinyl chloride pvc, a very stable. Vinyl chloride vc is both a known carcinogen and a regulated chemical, and its production capacity has almost doubled over the last 20 years, currently 27 million tonsyear worldwide. Pvc emulsion resins are small particle powders containing very little free monomer. The pvc worldwide production capacity in 2005 was of about 35 million tons per year, with an annual growth of about 3%, placed after polyole. Vcm is used almost exclusively in polyvinyl chloride pvc manufacture.
1302 1208 609 81 1368 498 265 1472 1225 1033 926 686 1678 1537 1506 595 918 1587 1158 170 1212 1368 1409 149 358 1247 1389 1006 468 693 1352 27 295 1120 1316 866 1125 456 1339 1008 455 1487