The following samples cover basic citation format for secondary sources. The bluebook is the most commonly used system for legal citations in the united states, especially for legal. American law reports alr is good resources for background, analysis, and citations about law cases, statutes, and other legal details. These are the rules you will use for an academic paper or law. There are two main legal encyclopedias in the united states that are national in scope. Intro to legal encyclopedias legal encyclopedias contain brief, broad summaries of legal topics, providing introductions to legal topics and explaining relevant terms of art. It also represents that there have been no legal proceedings in the case occurring after the cited opinion that affect its authority. Citus legalus is an automated bluebook citation generator for lazy law students. The scope ofthe indigo book s coverage is roughly equivalent tothe bluebooks bluepagesthat is,the indigo bookcovers legal citation for u. How to cite the amendments in bluebook format legal beagle. In a diverse and rapidly changing legal profession.
Blue book a publication that establishes the correct form of case citations or of references to a legal authority showing where information can be found. Bluebook citation hamline university school of law. How do i cite american jurisprudence in an apa paper. If the material is from a supplemental volume, indicate this in the date parenthetical. Secondary sources include books, articles, encyclopedias and other nonprimary sources. Common abbreviations legal citation research guides at. In a diverse and rapidly changing legal profession, the bluebook continues to provide a systematic method by which members of the profession communicate important information to one another about the sources and legal authorities upon. The central function of a legal citation is to allow the reader to efficiently locate the cited source. Citation forms for english materials are set out in the bluebook 18th ed. Programmed and maintained by kirk sigmon, cornell law. This guide provides answers specifically to questions about the citation rules in the white pages, not the blue. Secondary authorities bluebook citations libguides at. Citations are to the 20th edition of the bluebook, a uniform system of citation rule 16. Kirwin, professor emeritus william mitchell college of law.
Citation format examples for footnotes general rules times new roman, size 10, 1 line spacing, justified. Internet citation bluebook citation 101 practitioner. Bluebook citation for llm students bluebook citation for. Many of the complicated variations on rules are not shown in these samples. It is not intended to be a comprehensive discussion of citation. The indigo bookisnt the same asthe bluebook, but it does implement the same uniform system of citation thatthe bluebookdoes. Blue book legal definition of blue book legal dictionary. A citation consisting only of the core items represents that a clear holding of a majority of the court stands for the proposition with which the writer has associated it. An open and compatible implementation of a uniform system of citation formerly baby blue s manual of legal citation is a free content version of the bluebook system of legal citation.
Law school bluebook basics one of the books that all 1l law students are required to purchase is the bluebook. The proper bluebook citation for articles appearing in consecutively paginated journals is volume number, abbreviation of the periodical name, first page of the article, and specific pages cited, if any volume. Online, citation information is shown at the top of the screen. The basics of legal citation including citation styles bluebook and alwd. For help with other source types, like books, pdfs, or websites, check out our other guides. See your bluebook for specific exceptions involving special designations, place. Generally speaking, the citation should include the authors full name, the title of the book, the page cited, editors. Generally, the given differences may be described as the white pages vs.
Each different kind of secondary source has a slightly different set of rules for citation, which will be enumerated below. Health care reform and the affordable care act ppaca. The bluebook is the resource all attorneys and legal scholars use to properly cite and format legal documents. A publication that establishes the correct form of case citations or of references to a legal authority showing where information can be found. The apa manual provides explicit directions for the citation of cases, statutes, and administrative materials, but defers to the latest edition of the bluebook. Cite to the name of the sourcedictionary, page number if pinpoint citing, edition and year. A volume that explains the organization of a state. A b c d e f gh i jk l m n o p qr s t u vwxyz show all.
Some basics on bluebooking with a focus on maryland rules this is a quick guide to citing maryland cases and statutes, based on bluebook rules 10 and 12. Citeus legalus the automated bluebook citation generator. A uniform system of citation, commonly referred to simply as the blue book. How to cite a encyclopedia article in bluebook law. Rule 15 in the bluebook explains how to properly cite a book. Put the year of publication in parentheses at the end of the citation. The bluebook also has citation rules for legal memoranda and other practiceoriented materials the blue pages, which students in lrwa2 use for their memo assignments. In case the book is being published by more than one publishing house, write the. The citation format for newspapers and newsletters is largely the same as for nonconsecutively paginated periodicals. The bluebook, its name reflecting the color of its cover, is an extensive style guide used for legal citation in the u. The bluebook contains rules that prescribe how to cite a variety of legal documents. Create your citations, reference lists and bibliographies automatically using the apa, mla, chicago, or harvard referencing styles. Citation machine helps students and professionals properly credit the information that they use.
Secondary sources bluebook citation 101 practitioner. Citing secondary sources sample bluebook citations. Generations of law students, lawyers, scholars, judges, and other legal professionals have relied on the bluebooks unique system of citation in their writing. The bluebook requires citation to printed material provided it is available, unless there is an authenticated, official, or exact digital copy of the printed sources. This book is a reference guide that, believe it or not, will be. The white pages in the bluebook address academic citation. However, where legal encyclopedias provide brief coverage of almost every legal topic, alr annotations cover much more specific narrow topics that are presented in more depth and with. They are useful, but not wellsuited for jurisdiction specific research. The best free bluebook citation generator for books. This is a proposed citation style to adapt the bluebook to the unique needs of wikipedia.
Always consult the bluebook for additional information. State department publication with the full title consultation among the american republics with respect to the argentine situation 1946. Bluebooking for court documents guide to legal writing. A uniform system of citation, a style guide, prescribes the most widely used legal citation system in the united states. However, you may need to check further down or at the beginning of the book to locate the full title, the pin, or the edition.
While you generally will not cite to a legal encyclopedia, rule b15. Citing cases bluebook guide guides at georgetown law. Bluebook rule 15 gives the citation format for books, reports, and other nonperiodic materials. I am supposed to be using secondary authority and following the blue book guidelines to get the correct. There are too many rules for this introductory guide to cover. To promote uniformity of citations, many lawyers and law students use the blue book. Since the times it was first compiled, its origins still debated, the guide has suffered multiple.
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